Epilepsy Oral Essay Research Paper Epilepsy is free essay sample

Epilepsy Oral Essay, Research Paper Epilepsy is a neurological status, which is described by enduring eruptions or ictuss. There is no known solution for this status by the by it is treatable through clinical treatment or through careful mediation. Epilepsy is the most punctual recorded encephalon upset. People groups with epilepsy have been dreaded and disengaged by society since the beginning. Antiquated Greeks thought individuals with epilepsy had supernatural forces. Romans regarded individuals with epilepsy as lazars and castawaies. Different theoreticians accepted that the individuals who had ictuss trespassed against God and as a punishment were currently controlled by detestable alcohols. It was mid 400 B.C. at the point when Hippocrates connected ictuss to occupations in the encephalon. This position was non acknowledged by his coevalss and was pushed aside. It was non until the late 1800s that individuals again started to comprehend that epilepsy was brought about by an encephalon breakdown. Two European specialists, John Hughlings Jackson and W. R. Gowers, contemplated individuals with epilepsy at the National Hospital for Paralyzed and Epileptics in London and demonstrated Hippocrates # 8217 ; hypothesis that epilepsy is an encephalon glitch. In any case, the nineteenth century health consideration frameworks in Europe disengaged individuals with epilepsy and constrained them to populate in settlements off from society. Until each piece late as the 1950 s, individuals only occasionally discussed their epilepsy and thus concealed the furious from the people. While there are some perceived causes to epilepsy the gigantic greater part of occasions have no known reason. In cases where the reason is realized it is called Diagnostic Epilepsy. Less than 35 for each centum of cases have known causes. The most well-known out of these are # 183 ; injury or a high febrility during childbirth # 183 ; excessively unpleasant overseeing or upsetting of children # 183 ; certain medications or poisons managed in enormous dosages # 183 ; Diseases or conditions that adjust or upset the parity of blood or its concoction development # 183 ; or illnesses that hurt the nervus cells in the encephalon can other than do epilepsy. Anyway in 65 for each centum of all occasions there is no known reason which is called Idiopathic Epilepsy. The encephalon is an incredibly mind boggling and delicate organ as it controls and directs every one of our activities. It controls every single engine movement, esthesiss, thoughts and feelings. Similarly great as every single nonvoluntary activity, for example, eye squint. The encephalon plants by coordinating electric charges between various nervus cells in the encephalon and every single other piece of the natural structure as an organization of imparting. The approaching of an ictus is brought about by unnatural encephalon moving edge action. The encephalon moving edges start off by holding an unnatural beat brought about by exorbitant and synchronal nervus cell releases. This adjustment in encephalon moving edges triggers off the ictus. On the off chance that the unnatural encephalon moving edge action just happens in one nation of the encephalon it is known as a fractional ictus though if the encephalon moving edge action influences nervus cells all through the encephalon it is a summed up ictus. Epilepsy is a typical vexed as there is a one for each centum chance of creating it. Very nearly 50 percent of cases show up before the age of 10. In the greater part of occasions when it id created younger than ten the furious will vanish O ver a time of clasp. The diagnosing and rating of Epilepsy requires the doctor to cognize about the ictuss # 8211 ; when they began, the patient # 8217 ; s visual angle previously, during, and after an ictus, and any surprising conduct happenings. A foundation of the family unit # 8217 ; s health history is other than regularly utilized. In add-on, an EEG may help watch nations of expanded nervus cell movement There is no known solution for epilepsy by and by there is a figure of intercessions accessible. There are two boss kinds of intercession accessible which are medicate treatment or medical procedure. Medication treatment is the most regularly utilized mediation. The medication intercession is sensibly efficacious with 50 for each centum of those on a medication mediation will hold their ictuss wiped out entirely. A farther 30 for each centum will hold their ictuss down to a degree where they can at present vehicle on with their ordinary lives. The remaining 20 for every centum of patients are either safe to the medication, or, more than likely require such a dose of medication, that it gets liked to hold no influence over ictuss by any means. Medical procedure is so left as an alternative to a minority of wiped out people. Specifically occasions the harmed encephalon tissue can be evacuated through medical procedure which is a procedure like a leukotomy. This solitary happens when medication falls flat and the harmed tissue is limited to one nation of the encephalon and can be securely expelled without harming character or maps. There are more than 40 sorts of ictus, runing from ictuss which can travel completely unnoticed by others directly through to the definitive Grand mal ictus A typical sort of summed up ictus known as Grand mal. The musculuss contract, the natural structure hardens thus jolts wildly. You may yell as your respiratory musculuss contract and your lips may make a trip somewhat blue because of miss of O. You so lose cognizance, when you wake up you can non recover anything and you need clasp to recover which may run from proceedingss to hours. Another regular sort of ictus is a nonappearance. This summed up ictus is actually a nonattendance a transitory oversight in cognizance. This sort of epilepsy is generally basic in children and young people. You stop what you are making, gaze, wink or look dark for a couple of moments before moving on with what you were making. Spectators may trust you were just woolgathering or may non distinguish. Before the approaching of an ictus a few people may see an atmosphere. An emanation is esthesis that goes about as a notice to an approaching ictus. The kind of air changes from individual to person. They can run from a strange gustatory sensation to a melodic sound that plays in your caput. The kind of emanation can help place the bit of the encephalon that the abnormal encephalon moving edges are released. It is a typical activity that individuals with epilepsy are victimized in any case this is entirely unneeded as a great many people can populate ordinary lives with epilepsy. Epilepsy is a typical status that can occur for no undeniable ground in anybody. The illness is in no way infectious or getting. A great many people who build up the status either turn out of the status or can take typical carries on with through the use of medication or medical procedure. Thusly those with the infection ought to in no way be dealt with any in any case to other people.

Porfirio Diaz’s leadership tactics Essay

†¢ Diaz had the option to control different government officials just as his encompassing pioneers. He made extraordinary associations with local pioneers, helping them that the development to remember Mexico’s economy would likewise make financial development for them. [1] †¢ Diaz made harmony among the Catholic Church supporters, and rivals. Diaz authorized new laws, changing church benefits. [2] †¢ In request to help the economy, Diaz looked to remote venture. He gave tax reductions for universal speculators, utilized remote cash-flow to pay for framework, and consistently energized exchange with different nations (i.e Britain, United States, Germany, and so on) [3] †¢ To keep up political force and endorsement, Diaz normally imprisoned the individuals who stood up against him or his strategies, bringing about numerous editors and scholars being detained and contradicting pioneers â€Å"disappearing†. [4] Porfirio Diaz’s Presidential Terms †¢ Diaz filled in as president first in 1876, however the open understood his affection for power, and chose another president, Gonzalez, after Diaz’s first term. After a term of Gonzalez, Diaz at that point recovered administration, and remained in power from 1884 to 1910, a great aggregate of 30 years. [5] †¢ Diaz in the end lost force in 1911, after a few open commotions and criticism’s about Diaz approached, and the Maderistas waged war against him. Before long, an upheaval at the clash of Casas Grandes, occurred, vanquishing Porfirio Diaz. [6] Juan Manuel de Rosas achievements †¢ Rosas strolled into a politically precarious, Argentina. To fix this, Rosas had faith in a more prominent measure of intensity for the senator. Through doing as such, Rosas turned into a dictator like pioneer, like Diaz. [7] †¢ During his rule, Rosas expanded traded meat and covers up, finished the progressing common wars, got significantly more land, and declined outside obligations. [8] Leadership Style of Rosas †¢ Rosas was incredibly abusive, not continually being thoughtful or keen, frequently demonstrating no leniency to those whom he however sold out him. [9] Analysis The Caudillos Juan Manuel de Rosas and Porfirio Diaz are two amazingly influential men in Latin American history, each changing various things about their nation in various manners. Be that as it may, one thing is reliable while examining both; they were bosses of political force and kept up it superior to most pioneers. The ascent and safeguarding of intensity doesn't originate from basic magnetism or character. Every pioneer concocted solid systems and procedures, guaranteeing them the fundamental help to lead a nation for such a measure of time. After first being chosen president in 1876, at that point losing his situation to Gonzales, Diaz at that point recovered the administration from 1184 to 1910, which means he stayed in power for a sum of 30 years. [10] Diaz did this by controlling others around him, including different specialists just as people in general. The individuals who didn't concur with Diaz or stood up were rebuffed. Many were detained or found disappearing[11]. Beside the general population, Diaz additionally dealt with undermining restricting specialists by making extraordinary associations with territorial leaders.[12] These relations, military force, and take a stab at quality made the everlasting system of Porfirio Diaz. Like Diaz, Juan Manuel de Rosas developed to be amazingly ground-breaking during his nation of Argentina’s, period of scarcity. Once more, being comparative with Diaz, Rosas, while incredible, was likewise harsh, the same number of Caudillos of the time before long became. Through a letter composed by a resident to Juan Manuel de Rosas, in which the man argues for his daughter’s security, Rosas is unaffected by the article and executes the daughter.[13] This is a prime case of the pioneer transport style of Rosa. However, it does bring up the issue that on the off chance that he was so abusive and ground-breaking, for what reason would he say he was in office for such a long time? At the point when Rosas showed up in Argentina, political tumult was self-evident. So as to guarantee dependability, Rosas actualized numerous adjustments in the legislature, including giving more capacity to the representative, which thus, spared Rosas work for the future, permitting him to t urn into a dictator like leader.[14] Both of these Caudillos show human’s desire for power, and the control, double dealing, and fiendish procedures that can be utilized to keep up this force. We can consider both to be these men as extraordinary pioneers, as they completely practiced what they chose was ideal. We can likewise consider them to be extraordinary exercises, training us of the perils of authority and the dangers it regularly includes. End The perspective on over a wide span of time Caudillos will reliably change with the individual the view is from. Be that as it may, one thing is clear. Juan Manuel de Rosas and Porfirio Diaz were two Caudillos of political greatness, keeping up a long and compelling system. This was practiced by both, through their own triumphs over the past legislature of their country just as a triumph over compromising specialists around and inside the country, for example, Diaz consistently imprisoning the individuals who took a stand in opposition to him or his strategies. Rosas and Diaz both comprehended what they needed and had legitimate procedures in achieving this; however the virtues of their activities are up to conversation. This circumstance is basic from the beginning of time, including talented pioneers, for example, Hitler, Stalin, and Castro. Juan Manuel de Rosas and Porfirio Diaz show examples of the past and desires for what's to come.

Literary Achievements Essays - Literature, Fiction, Gilded Age

Artistic Achievements A short close to home history and diagram of abstract accomplishments The social headway of the 1920's has numerous significant abstract figures related with it. Names, for example, T.S. Elliot, Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald are a few of the better-known names. Edith Wharton is one of the less known about the period, be that as it may, is as yet an imposing essayist. This paper will investigate Ms. Wharton's life and history and give a concise foundation encompassing a portion of her progressively well known books. Ms. Wharton was conceived Edith Newbold Jones on January 24, 1862, in her folks' chateau and West Twenty-Third Street in New York City. Her mom, Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander, associated with well off Dutch landowners and traders of the mid nineteenth century, was the granddaughter of an extraordinary American Progressive War nationalist, General Ebenezer Stevens. After the war, General Stevens turned into an exceptionally fruitful East-India trader. Edith Wharton's dad, a man of impressive, private, acquired riches, didn't follow a vocation in business. Or maybe, he carried on with an existence of relaxation, punctuated by his pastimes of ocean angling, vessel dashing, and wildfowl shooting (exercises run of the mill of rich men of the day). During her initial barely any years, Edith Wharton's family rotated between New York City in the winter and Newport, Rhode Island, in the mid year. At the time, Newport was a truly in vogue place where New York City groups of riches may appreciate sea breezes and take an interest in a ro! und of tea and internal parties, the leaving of calling cards, and consistent arrangements for engaging or being engaged. At the point when she was four years of age, her folks took her on a voyage through Europe, focusing on Italy and France. She became as acquainted with Rome and Paris as most youngsters are with the places where they grew up. It was here that the little, red-headed youngster played her preferred game. Not yet ready to peruse, she hefted around with her a huge volume of Washington Irving's accounts of old Spain, The Alhambra. Holding the Book cautiously, frequently topsy turvy, she continued to turn the pages and to peruse so anyone might hear make up stories as she came. Though most offspring of her age would be told the natural old people what's more, fantasies of Anderson, Perrault, and the Brothers Grimm, she tuned in with incredible joy to stories of the residential dramatizations of the incomparable Greek and Roman divine forces of folklore. The small kid quickly figured out how to peruse, talk, and compose German, French, and Italian, because of the endeavors of tutor and the more distant family voyages through France and Italy. Coming back to America after an nonappearance of sex a long time in pleasant Europe, the ten-year-old Edith saw New York City with blended emotions. She missed the style of Europe; she was troubled with the bustling business quality of a lot of her home city; she was charmed to join her family members and companions on a meandering family bequest at Newport. Here she proceeded with her investigation of present day dialects and appropriate habits. Notwithstanding, she needed to come back to her dad's in New York, where she invested her energy examining his library and drenching herself in any semblance of Roman Plutarch and the English Macaulay, the English Pepys and Evelyn and the French Madame de Sevigne; the writers, Milton, Burns and Byron, just as Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Elizabeth Barrat Browning. With these scholars as her models and motivation, youthful Edith Wharton started to cover immense sheets of wrapping paper with her own writing and section. Edith's family and the groups of the majority of her companions were not in business: they lived on their earnings and speculations, living relaxed existences of eating out or supper going with much accentuation on great cooking, and shining discussion. Every so often, they went to the theater; the drama, sometimes. At the point when she was seventeen, Edith's guardians chose the time had shown up for her coming out. The arrangement of social exercises that demonstrated to the world that she was grown-up enough to be welcome to social amusement without her folks as chaperones. Before long, she joined her dad and mom to another outing to Europe - this time for her father's wellbeing. He kicked the bucket in France, when Edith was nineteen years of age, and the despondency stricken mother and little girl came back to New York City. There they moved into a recently bought house on West Twenty-Fifth Street. For quite a long while, Edith appreciated the public activity of a normal young lady of her riches and social foundation; at that point her girlhood came ! to an end in 1885 with her union with Edward Wharton of Boston. Thirteen years her senior,

What About Polonius Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Shouldn't something be said about Polonius Shouldn't something be said about Polonius? One of the primary characters in the play Hamlet, composed by William Shakespeare, is Polonius. Polonius is the dad of Laertes and Ophelia and is additionally the correct hand man to the lord, Claudius. He is a man who is meddling and is continually jabbering about something, yet is a caring dad and a dedicated worker to the state. Or then again right? What precisely is the idea of Polonius? How significant would he say he was to Shakespeare's epic play? Did he truly need to pass on? Shouldn't something be said about Polonius? The crowd is first acquainted with Polonius when his child, Laertes, concludes that he needs to come back to Paris to complete school. From the outset, through a verbose discourse, Polonius goes about as a mindful dad should. He offers his child guidance, for example, Give each man thine ear, however few thy voice; or Take each man's reprimand, yet save thy judgment. also, to thy own self be valid. Afterward however, he discusses dress and outward appearances. Indeed he goes off regarding this matter admonition Laertes to not look ostentatious and rich. He appears to be progressively worried about how Laertes seems, by all accounts, to be then who he really is. Polonius gives a twofold standard for the kid to follow. In that equivalent demonstration, after Laertes leaves, Polonius has another discussion with his other kid, his disastrous little girl, Ophelia. Ophelia reveals to her dad everything (we expect) about her relationship with Hamlet. Polonius attacks the poor young lady with remarks, for example, You talk like a green girl,... or then again Think yourself a child That you have ta'en these tenders for genuine pay,... causing him to seem like a spoiled elderly person. For what reason would Polonius not need Ophelia to engage with a ruler? Numerous individuals have discussed why Polonius winds up restricting Ophelia from seeing Hamlet. Some state that Hamlet was excessively high positioning for Ophelia and that their marriage would have appeared to be impossible in Polonius' eyes. Others state that possibly Polonius simply didn't care for Hamlet and didn't need his little girl engaging with him. However others accept that Polonius felt that Hamlet would simply utilize Ophelia, and he would not like to see her get injured. Polonius didn't need Ophelia to be associated with Hamlet, or some other man so far as that is concerned, in light of the fact that he was worried about the possibility that that he would lose command more than one of his most valuable toys, his little girl. In the event that Ophelia got engaged with somebody, at that point all the control that Polonius had over her future lost. She would have a place with another person, and his toy would never again be his to play with however he wanted. Polonius needed to know all that was going on, in his kids' lives and in the state as well. Potentially he felt an ache of desire believing that possibly his little girl would become sovereign in the event that she wedded Hamlet and would wind up in a progressively esteemed position then he. Just to demonstrate the possibility that Polonius should be responsible for his space (his kids included) one should simply to take a gander toward the start of Act II. Polonius solicits Renaldo, a dear companion of his child, to proceed to investigate Laertes. Polonius needs to know how Laertes is acting, on the off chance that he is betting, drinking, drabbing, etc. It could be contended that he is simply paying special mind to the government assistance of his lone child, yet taking a gander at Polonius' character, that is profoundly improbable. Polonius is a legislator. It is commonly realized that government officials have two appearances. They have their genuine face, and the face that they show to the general population. Claudius is a superb case of a lawmaker. Nobody in Denmark had any piece of information that he was the killer of the past lord. He kept it shrouded quite well. Claudius has two countenances, thus does Polonius. Polonius doesn't need his legislator face to be f lawed by words that his child is acting indiscreetly. To secure his open picture, he sends Renaldo to keep an eye on Laertes. To summarize it, Polonius must be in charge of his youngsters to secure himself. That is the reason he gave that twofold standard to Laertes in Act I. He needed

Reflecting on critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Considering investigate - Essay Example It has been contended that it is described by the potential outcomes of machines. Eiffel tower configuration is fascinating in light of the fact that â€Å"many innovator developments were keen on delivering workmanship and engineering that causes to notice the procedure of development engaged with making the articles and expressions. 1 This can be seen plainly from the Eiffel tower, despite the fact that it is an old structure the draftsmen behind the plan of the structure needed to advance individuals by having a one of a kind plan that catches the human consideration. Lyotard’s contends that there is a conflation of craftsmanship and reasoning. This is on the grounds that before structuring an article a modeler should as a matter of first importance imagine what the person in question needs to plan. Post innovation achieves the impacts that come about as a result of having a focal center being fascination as opposed to building a solid structure that can withstand the trial of time.2 In spite of the fact that there has been claim that postmodernism isn't surely known today since it there has been clashing reports on which regions it covers, which can be found in â€Å"all expressions of the human experience, verse of John Ashberry for example as all the arts† 3 One of the most significant highlights of postmodernism is pastiche. Pastiche includes impersonation of different types of craftsmanship. How ve, impersonation of different types of craftsmanship isn't right since we will keep delivering similar styles every year. What's more, it additionally confines inventiveness. Subsequently, most modelers have been debilitated from duplicating different people’s work. In any case, the connection among plan and theory comes out unmistakably in Eiffel towers. The modelers who planned Eiffel towers attempted to fuse theory in structuring a structure. This is apparent from the quantity of travelers who visit France so as to see Eiffel

To Kill A Mockingbird - Scouts Maturity :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

As individuals develop throughout everyday life, they develop and change. In the novel , To Kill a Mockingbird ,by Harper Lee, Scout, the principle character, develops as the book proceeds. Gradually, Scout figures out how to control her touchy temper, to forgo fistfights, and to regard Calpurnia, their house keeper, and to truly become familiar with her incentive to the family. Scout basically changes since she develops, and she additionally changes since Atticus, her dad, asks her to. In the early parts of the book, Scout starts ruckuses at the smallest incitement. One case of this is when Scout whips Walter Cunningham, one of her colleagues, for â€Å"not having his lunch†, which isn’t an excellent explanation by any means. â€Å"Catching Walter Cunningham in the schoolyard gave me some joy, yet when I was putting him to shame with the earth Jem stopped by and instructed me to stop. ‘You’re bigger’n he is,’ he said †¦ ‘He made me start off on an inappropriate foot.’ †¦ ‘Let him go Scout. Why?’ ‘He didn’t have any lunch,’ I stated, and clarified my association in Walter’s dietary affairs† (27). Scout is additionally exceptionally fiendish and has an underhanded attitude towards Calpurnia. She portrays Calpurnia as an overbearing nearness, and she does all that she can to get her out of the house. Once Scout does this is when Walter approaches her home to have supper. Scout condemns Walter for suffocating his nourishment in molasses, and Calpurnia chastens Scout. After Walter leaves, Scout requests that Atticus fire Calpurnia, which obviously he doesn’t do. â€Å"Jem said out of nowhere smiled at him. ‘Come on home to supper with us, Walter,’ he said. †¦ Walter stood where he was, gnawing his lip. Jem and I surrendered, and we were almost to the Radley Place when Walter called, ‘Hey, I’m comin’!’ While Walter heaped nourishment on his plate, he and Atticus talked together prefer to men, to the wonderment of Jem and me. Atticus was clarifying homestead issues when Walter hindered to inquire as to whether there was any molasses in the house†¦ Walter poured syrup on his vegetables and meat with a liberal hand. He would presumably have emptied it into his milk glass had I not asked what the sam slope he was doing†¦ It was then that Calpurnia quested my quality in the kitchen†¦ She was incensed, and when she was angry Calpurnia’s language became erratic†¦ â€Å"There’s a few people who don’t eat like us,† she murmured fiercely†¦ Jem and Walter came back to class in front of me: remaining behind to inform Atticus regarding Calpurnia’s evildoings merited a single run past the Radley Place.

Introduction to Genetically Modified Seeds - Free Essay Example

In the year 1970, the developed glyphosate as an herbicide or commonly known as Roundup, is a familiar herbicide among farmers to protect their crops from pests and weeds. The person who is behind the genetically modified seed is Monsanto, who became the biggest supplier of the glyphosate-resistant crops. Biochemist Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen, developed the strategy of cutting the DNA in specific areas, and then latch it to other organisms, and this is the result of modern biotechnology. In the year 1976, the biotechnology was commercialized and companies injected genes from one organism to another. The most general Genetically modified crop is the glyphosate-tolerant soybean. After the sudden modification of crop was commercialized some other GM seeds have been developed, which consist of sugarcane, tomatoes, potato, cotton, rice, sugar, and beets. These GM seeds can withstand insects, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, and diseases (Bushak, 2015). Genetically Modified(GM) Seeds are crops that are enhanced by genetic engineering, a more exact technique for plant reproduction. By modifying a plant and developing its characteristic, genetic engineering, also associated as biotechnology, permits plant raisers to take a particular trait that is found in a specific plant and transmit it to the plant or organism they want to enhance. Bananas and seedless watermelon today are far more distinctive than the older varieties of fruits, this is because of the modification strategies that was used (GMO Basics, n.d.). The agriculture sector has generally been mounting on innovation, especially in the field of genetic crop development. For a considerable amount of time, the industry has been looking for a dynamic type of crop by blending the qualities of seeds. The GM seeds have been changed to contain particular traits, for example, protection from herbicides (on account of Roundup Ready crops), and protection from pests (on account of Bt corn). GM seeds are modified with a conventional technique by embedding the DNA of the seeds straightforwardly. Over the ages, the qualities of cross-preparation have not been altered (Kruft, 2001). Benefits Less use of herbicides The herbicide resistant crops that is called the Roundup Ready crops is produced by Monsanto. The GM crops are preferable because of its unique traits that the farmers are already aware about the safety of its usage, and in effect, it leads farming more effortless and affordable. The soil of the traditional crops needs to be extremely prepared prior to sowing in order to somehow get rid of the weed seeds from breeding. When the crops are about to cultivate, the crops are then sprayed with varieties of herbicides without damaging the crop. On the other hand, the GM crops only needs a few exhaustive preparations, and the herbicide that is sprayed to the farm depends on how much the problem of the weed (Pinstrup-Andersen Schià ¸ler, 2001). The accommodation of the GM crops lessens the need for a mixture of herbicides or dangerous toxicants that demands a lot of applications. The advantage of the farmers who cultivates a GM crop is the use of a product rather than having multiple herbicides in controlling the weeds without destroying the properties of the crop (Sanvido, Stark, Romies, Bigler, 2006) GM seeds that the seed companies are working on have high tolerance to various weeds and pests. This kind of GM trait could benefit to a more maximized and stable commodity for farmers. In the small farm sector, GM seeds are capable of generating high profits of yield products. In traditional ways of cultivating a farm, a farmer needs to hire more labor force in order to get the work done. While with the use of GM technologies, it only requires a few people to nurture the land (Carter, Moschini, Sheldon, 2011). Nutritional resources GM seeds can be altered, so this means that we would be able to develop the seeds and make them advantageous for human yield and utilization. Healthful nutrients can be inserted to crops that lacks important vitamins and minerals. Since rice or corn is the staple food of some country, it would be possible to inject some genes with valuable nutrients to the crops, to help those countries who is in need of nutritional crops (13 Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs, 2015). The main focus of the strategies in the GM seeds is to enhance the traits of a certain crop and add nutritional value to it. Biotechnology also aim to work with a product that makes plant-derived pharmaceuticals(PDP). The importance of these biopharmaceuticals is gradually increasing and there is a big chance that it is a potential in making the crops more nutritious. Although the pharmaceutical crops are not yet publicly advertised, there will be a few PDP that is going to be out in the market for consumption (Sanvido, Stark, Romies, Bigler, 2006). Extracting the problems and adding more nutritional traits, biotechnology has demonstrated the possibility to develop the characteristics of a crop. The positive achievement of the GM technology with regard to maximizing the accessibility and diminishing price of a drug is the continuous research and implementation of the pharmaceutical crop production, referred to as â€Å"pharma crop† (Mahgoub, 2015). Lower cost, increased profit The crop yields remarkably increased when the farmers make use of the herbicide tolerant cotton and Bt cotton. The Economic Research Service(ERS) found an important study about the connection between the maximizing crop gain and the increase of herbicide and pesticide tolerance. Agriculturist anticipated to have an increase in the yields if they embraced the GM seeds technology. While for the herbicide-tolerant soybeans have a minor increase in crop yields. Another research that is implemented by the Iowa State University using 377 fields discovered that, the crop that is cultivated with the use of GM seeds gained 160.4 bushels of Bt corn per field, whereas the crops that are cultivated with non-GM seeds gained 147.7 per field. It can be clearly seen that GM seeds outdo the non-GM seeds (Kruft, 2001). A finding from a beneficent analysis of GM crops passed by Wolf and Vogele in Switzerland. Their primary assumption is that the culturing of Bt corn is economically plausible rather than the culturing of non-GM maize (Scholderer Verbeke, 2012). After an PRSV infection that happened in Hawaii, the generically modified papaya exceedingly gained more than the non-generically modified sort of papaya. In 1999, out of 90% of the farmers that acquired the genetically modified seeds, only 76% of them cultivated it. The yield of the GM papaya gradually increased from an amount of 26 million pounds in 1998 to an apex of 40 million pounds in 2011. Nowadays, there is a total of 80%-90% of GM papaya in Hawaii because there is still no any other technique to control the PRSV infection (Bennet Jennings, 2013). Threat to farmers A big concern to the farmers is the possibility of cross pollination from a genetically modified crop to a non-GM plant. Crops with GM genes have been found in ordinary plants as well as in plants that have been using only organic and natural cultivating practices. It will now be very hard for consumers to determine which is organic and which is really not. The seed growers are now a situation where they need to really think twice on what crop they are going to raise in their fields. It’s either they choose a significantly more costlier yield that can possibly flounder every now and then, than customary yields and can be exceptionally perilous to the people and other living organisms who consumes them (Smith, n.d.) (13 Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs, 2015) (Kruft, 2001) (Mercola, 2014) Toxic Plants Another apprehension according to (Kruft, 2001) is that, the presence of an unperceived allergens in the GM food source is the greatest pitfall to health. In addition to that, (Mercola, 2014) stated that food allergies have gradually increased, with more or less five million youngsters who are suffering from the GM foods. There have been no further studies that is invoked to the safety of these GM crops because research and evaluation of these crops are conserved under various copyright and proprietary information laws. Furthermore, the effects of the human and animal health are not yet fully understood and there will be a great uncertainty to the welfare of the consumers (Why we are against GMOs, 2015) Contract Issues Monsanto promised the people that he will make the world a better place for future generations. His principal plan is to Increase the yields, that’s why he gives the farmers the product and framework to help them to achieve his desires. Monsanto creates GM seeds and his fundamental item is the Roundup ready crops, which is resistant to the herbicide. For the utilization of the specific trait on the crop, Monsanto induced the farmers who purchase GM seeds to go into an agreement of authorizing consent for the use of the special seeds. The farmers are prohibited from sparing the seeds, so Monsanto is demanding that seeds need to be purchased from them every season (Duvvuru, 2009). Its a burden for agriculturist who purchase the GM seeds in signing the agreements that seed organizations are requiring. The seed organizations have put tremendous subsidizes in the innovation of the GM seeds, and they secure this speculation through their agreement with the farmers. These agreements strongly guarantee the biotechnology organization’s rights to seeds, plot the setting inside which debates may be settled, and compel the risk of the organization (Kruft, 2001). To authorize the use of GM seeds, the farmers need to sign an agreement that remove their legitimate rights and obtain liabilities. The qualities that is injected to the GM seeds are secured by patents. The agreement outlaws the farmers to sell their seeds to researchers who wants to evaluate it, and also the organization obstructs independent research on the seeds that have been acquired from them. The farmers are strictly not allowed to save seeds from the GM crops. If a farmer whose detected with the patented genes by cross-pollination, the farmer still needs to pay the fine for having the genes of the GM crops even though he is actually cultivating his crops organically (Public Health Association of Australia, 2013). References 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs. (2015). Retrieved from GreenGarageBlog.org: https://greengarageblog.org/13-main-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-gmos Bennet, D. J., Jennings, R. C. (2013). Succesful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies: New Genetic Technologies for Global Food Production. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=g9MgAwAAQBAJpg=PA192dq=positive+effects+of+genetically+modified+seedshl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwj99YOEgJjZAhWH0YMKHWSWAMcQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepageq=positive%20effects%20of%20genetically%20modified%20seedsf=false Bushak, L. (2015, July 22). A brief History of Genetically Modified Organisms: From Prehistoric Breeding To Modern Biotechnology. Retrieved from Medical Daily: https://www.medicaldaily.com/brief-history-genetically-modified-organisms-prehistoric-breeding-modern-344076 Carter, C., Moschini, G. C., Sheldon, I. (2011). Frontiers of economics and globalization: Genetically Modified Food and Global Welfare. Duvvuru, K. (2009, May 2). Monsanto and Its Philanthropy. Retrieved from Dissident Voice: https://dissidentvoice.org/2009/05/monsanto-and-its-philanthropy/ GMO Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from GMO Answers: https://gmoanswers.com/gmo-basics Kruft, D. (2001, November). Impacts of Genetically-Modified Crops and Seeds on Farmers. Retrieved from https://greengarageblog.org/13-main-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-gmos Mahgoub, S. E. (2015). Genetically Modified Foods: Basics, Applications, and Controversy. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=A-v5CQAAQBAJpg=PA213dq=genetically+modified+seedshl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwj8hKeW5JfZAhUh6YMKHS7SCw8Q6AEIPTAF#v=onepageq=genetically%20modified%20seedsf=false Mercola, J. (2014, February 10). Seeds of Evil: Monsanto and Genetic Engineering. Retrieved from Organic Consumers Association: https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/seeds-evil-monsanto-and-genetic-engineering Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Schià ¸ler, E. (2001). Seeds of Contention: World Hunger and the Global Controversy over GM Crops. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=NtY6AwAAQBAJprintsec=frontcoverdq=benefits+of+genetically+modified+seedshl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjK3s-ts5fZAhUjjK0KHf_OAEYQuwUIKzAA#v=onepageq=benefits%20of%20genetically%20modified%20seedsf=false Public Health Association of Australia. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.phaa.net.au/documents/item/235 Sanvido, O., Stark, M., Romies, J., Bigler, F. (2006, October). Ecological impacts of genetically modified crops: Experiences from ten years of experimental field research and commercial cultivation. Retrieved from https://research.cip.cgiar.org/confluence/download/attachments/2400/Swiss+study+GM+crops.pdf Scholderer, J., Verbeke, W. (2012). Genetically Modified Crop Production: Social Science, Agricultural Economics, Cost and Benefits of Coexistencte.Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=vbUvlULIfwgCpg=PA33dq=positive+effects+of+genetically+modified+seedshl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwj99YOEgJjZAhWH0YMKHWSWAMcQ6AEINzAD#v=onepageq=positive%20effects%20of%20genetically%20modified%20seedsf=false Smith, M. D. (n.d.). GMO Reality Check. Retrieved from EBSCO Industries, Inc: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com.eztest.ocls.ca/eds/detail/detail?vid=0sid=a3ef297c-4d12-4432-ae2e-73b88c2a768e%40sessionmgr4008bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=78031008db=hxh Why we are against GMOs. (2015). Retrieved from Slow Food: https://www.slowfood.com/what-we-do/themes/gmos/why-we-are-against-gmos/

How to Get Help With Academic Writing

How to Get Help With Academic WritingNowadays, it is very easy to find help with academic writing on the Internet. Students, parents, teachers and mentors all can benefit from the many articles that are available. There are websites that offer free tips and assistance, and there are those that provide expert advice and guidance.There are a variety of subjects that can be written about on an article. These can be filled with any number of details, either verbal or written. Some are for specific areas, like the test. Other areas of interests include traveling, health, hobbies, movies, psychology, and more. The topic can go as far as a novel.There are a few things that you should know before you begin, but if you know how to get help, you'll be fine. There are professional writers that offer help, and there are many websites that will offer assistance as well. The first thing you should do is sign up for an account with a reputable site and then fill out their form.Once they see that yo u're interested in helping them with writing, they will give you a number of pieces to choose from. There is no set standard in terms of style or structure, but you'll have a number of options. Some sites will allow you to customize a topic for yourself. Some will simply let you choose from their templates.There are a number of different ones you can choose from. You will be given a topic that you can fill out, and then you will be able to choose one of the many templates that are available. Each of these will have a specific way to fill in the topic so you'll know which to use.It's really important that you understand that not every one of these will be the same. The template may provide you with a specific layout, but the topic that will be written about may be completely different. The key is to look over the information and see what you like, and then choose a topic to write about based on this.As you can see, there are many different topics will differ in content and tone. Many students will not even attempt writing about certain subjects if they are nervous. But with some help with academic writing, it's simple enough to become comfortable with. The more you read, the more you'll understand.

Comparing Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck - 1605 Words

Repeating Mistakes of Innocence in of Mice and Men Tragedy in life can be used to demonstrate the ultimate display of compassion and love, which truly demonstrates the qualities of men. In life people create attachments and bonds, craving companionship over isolated individualism. There is a endless cycle and chain of events that cause the annihilation of bounds which leads to tragedies bringing sadness. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck focuses the reader s attention on the bond between two individuals George and Lennie, who are running from past experiences trying to start anew chasing their American Dream unaware of what s lurking ahead. Through craftsmanship, nature, transnational connections, evocative imagery, and symbolism,†¦show more content†¦Steinbeck s description of the settings in chapter one creates a calm and peaceful mood because of the diction and figurative language he uses in each line. He used onomatopoeia, such as, The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the yellow sands... The Brush is described as a beautiful place. We can infer this because of the words â€Å"yellow† and â€Å"twinkling†, both of which have positive connotations. However, the brush is described in such a way that it sounds faultless, the reader begins to conclude that it is too good to be true. This is way of foreshadowing: Steinbeck has created an ominous undertone which could be indicative of a theme further on in the novella. Personifications, ...sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs..., alliteration,...and with the split-wedge tracks of deer that come to drink in the dark, and repetition,...and sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs..., There is a path through the willows and among the sycamores..., ...the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore.... Steinbeck sets the tone and atmosphere of the story s location, introduces his two main characters George and Lennie, begins some thematic considerations, adds imagery, and foreshadows later events in the story. A ll of this is accomplished with careful attention to word choices and repetition. Chapter one smoothly transitions and introduces the reason George and Lennie s are running blindly with hope:

The American Civil War Was A Death Filled Four Years

The American Civil War was a death filled four years. Many people died fighting for what they believed. The north, who won the war, got what they wanted; the south was able to keep their property with nearly no consequences for their actions. But one group of people who fought for both sides got nothing for their blood left on the battle field. Both the Union army and the Confederate army promised the Native Americans who fought for them many things such as land, freedom, and rights but did either side uphold these agreements with the Native American people? The Native American people fought hard, and died on both sides of the war to be let down by the American government yet again. The American Civil war began in 1861 between the north†¦show more content†¦These southern states known as the Confederate states of America believed in the state’s rights and were fighting for the state’s rights to support slavery. Indian removal is still imbedded into the Native American people at this time. There was still a lot of tension between Native’s that were pro-removal, and those who were against it. For the most part, the stance an Indian took on removal dictated where they stood on the Civil war. The pro-removal side of Indians sided with the Confederate army, and the Indians against removal such as Chief John Ross sided with the Union army. Many Indian tribes fought in the civil war consisting of the Delaware, Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Kickapoo, Seneca, Osage, Shawnee, Choctaw, Lumbee, Chickasaw, Iroquois, Powhatan, Pequot, Ojibwa, Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, Catawba, and Pamunkey [City of Alexandria ].Only a few tribes fought on the side of the Confederates, which were the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek. There was roughly twenty thousand Native American’s that fought in either the Union or Confederate army’s [City of Alexandria]. No matter what si de they were fighting for, Indians on both sides looked to gain the same thing out of adding their chosen side. By fighting with the whites, Natives were looking to end discrimination, end removal from their

Multi Faceted Risk Management Project - 1400 Words

Multi-Faceted Risk Management The multi-faceted risk management approach is when you put in place the needed precautions such as risk profile to protect yourself to the best of your ability. With this approach we realize that 100% secure is probably not attainable, and is even more likely not sustainable [1]. This means that there is really no possible way to make ourselves completely bullet-proof from attackers, while still keeping our ability to interact with the New World and use cyber-space. But the overall goal of this multi-faceted risk management approach is to make the return on investment for the hacker so low that they will give up and go elsewhere [1]. Why would the hacker just give up and go elsewhere? Well if you are secure to the point that the hacker is not skilled enough to get past your defense systems, and they do not want to spend the days, weeks, or months of time to find an exploit to make their way into your system, then they will just end up moving along to som eone else that isn’t as secure as you. Hackers generally aren’t going to waste large amounts of time such as months trying to break into your secure system. They want to cause damage as soon as possible, or they want to obtain financial gain soon as possible. So if you are secure to the point that they cannot find a way into your system within a reasonable amount of time, they will just go find their way into someone else’s system that is not secure. 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Is Las Vegas Sustainable - 1478 Words

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Negative Effects of Diversification in the Hospitality Industries

Question: Analysis the Negative Effects of Diversification in the Hospitality Industries. Answer: Introduction Diversification refers to a degree in which things, situations or people vary/ are different. Nevertheless, in the business world, diversification means expanding as a result of continued growth and development (Cho, 2013). Therefore, this means that a business can diversify either horizontally or upward which means that it can continue producing almost the same kind of goods/different kinds of goods but in the same production line and level or start a completely different product (Tanui, 2015). However, every business that needs to expand must have a clear understanding and know-how of its requirements and responsibilities especially when it comes to costs, financial status, availability of resources and its position in the market among other things. Nevertheless, diversification has got some negative and positive impacts towards the hospitality industry simply because of the industrys growth and development with years (Martin, 2015). For this report, I will analyze the negative effects only. The aim of this analysis is to get to understand the origin of these effects and the reason as to why they appear. Also, this proposal will be able to find out a way in which the industry can get hold of these negative impacts and make great changes with them in not only their business operations but also in the whole industry. This proposal is going to analyze every useful data for the purpose of finding a way to turn them into advantages instead of disadvantages or turn them into useful information rather than meaningless data. Research Objectives To analyze the effects of diversification on hospitality industry To find out the degree at which the negative effects of diversification impact hospitality industry To find out ways of managing diversification effects to the hospitality industry To find out ways of turning the diversification effects to hospitality industry advantage Research Approach The research methodologies are the ways in which data is to be analyzed theoretically. Apparently, there are different kinds of researches (practical research and theoretical research) which use different techniques of analyzing the information. There are also different research methodologies which are classifies according to their researches, they include: Quantitative, qualitative, correlation or regression analysis and the Meta-Analysis methodologies. However, the research methodology, research questions, hypothesis and the research designs are all inter-related. This simply means that they go hand in hand to complement each other. Reasons for the Recommended Approach In this research am going to use both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Both of these methodologies are usually very effective simply because they give highly reliable results. The qualitative research method is mostly used when the researcher is interested in knowing the obvious reasons as to why certain people behave in a certain way while others do not (Creswell et al, 2007). The quantitative always gives the reasonable level or degree at which the some people behave in a certain manner while others do not. For my research, by using both I will definitely know the reasons as to why and what causes the diversification effects, how to turn them to hospitality industry advantage and to what degree they really affect the industry. Research Methodoly and Technique Recommended Research Technique This refers to data collection and analysis techniques. Data collection will be collected using interview and questionnaire administration. The interviews have been chosen as an appropriate method since it offers a chance for clarification of the data offered hence the researcher will be able to collect more reliable data. The questionnaires will offer enough time for the business person to give clarified answers though most of the illiterate people may not be able to fill (Creswell et al, 2007). It also may not offer a chance for explanation hence its combination with the interview will enable efficient and effective data collection. The interview will be done to business people who will not be able to answer the questionnaires. Both of these will help collect data even from business owners who do not speak the same language but can understand, or those can understand but cannot speak. Populations In determination of the sample size, the sample will be taken from business in the hospitality industry whether offering catering or hotel services. Also the business owners will be selected randomly after and from everywhere as far as they are willing to help in the research by sharing information. The Sampling Design The researcher will use random sampling for the purpose of completing this research. However, when using this kind of sampling technique, the researcher should ensure that every type of respondent is considered. This means that despite the gender, residential location, frequency of their buying, age, income level to name just but a few differences should be treated equally and to the best of his/her knowledge (Bryman et al, 2015). This will increase the chances of getting the right information from them because by doing this the researcher will be helping them feel comfortable and their opinions valued. Implementation Plan Random sampling design will be most effective because there will be no time to choose who to ask what and why. This will encourage equality and fair treatment of every respondent that the researcher will be able to get. Also, through sampling, the respondents will be in a position to give honest, correct, reliable and true answers to the questions that will be being asked. This is simply because no one will be aware or sure that they will be chosen. Random picking of businesses from anywhere gives the researcher a chance to collect the correct data (Williams, 2011). This is because the businesses will have no change to interfere or fabricate their responses since they will not be fully aware of whether they will be picked or not. Therefore, this method is simply the best for this kind of research because there are higher chances of getting the right information from the business owners and the business managers for analysis. Also as mentioned earlier, the interviews will offer a chance for clarification of the questioned asked which gives the researcher an opportunity of collecting more reliable data and better explanations for the responses. An interview also allows a chance for the respondent to ask questions or for clarification whenever they may not understand the question. It gives a chance to offer an in depth data through probing. On the other hand, the questionnaires will offer enough time for the respondent to give clarified answers though most of the illiterate people may not be able to fill them (Creswell, 2012). However, it does not giver enough room for explanations hence limited responses and therefore not so much reliability on the data. It also may not offer a chance for explanation hence its combination with the interview will enable efficient and effective data collection. Suggested Research Questions What are the main negative effects that affect a hospitality business organization? What do you think causes such kind of effects? To what extent do they really cause an effect to the business growth and development rate? What are the consequences that accrue to these effects? What are the possible solutions that can be used to solve some of the effects? For how long have you been experiencing the effects? With the kind of effects and consequences mentioned above, how long do you think the business can deal with them? PROJECT SCHEDULE Every research process must start with the identification of the topic which may take just one week. Conducting a literature review in details which will give the researcher a deeper understanding of the topic which takes about at most four weeks. Research questions formulation which takes one week to be complete. The hypothesis testing done and the methodologies to be involved in the research chosen. The methodologies may contains things like the data sources, data collection methods and data analysis. This step may take more time e.g. six weeks because one has to analyze the data and understand the meaning of the results. By doing all these, the researcher will find it to do his/her research and will take less time and costs less because they will have a good plan on what to do at what time. Recommendation I can recommend the researcher to carry out the research in a very highly populated area and especially one with many hospitality service offering businesses like in towns or cities. This may include businesses like hotels, motels, lodgings to name a few. This will increase the chances of the researcher getting more respondents who are experienced in speaking to strangers without finding it being a bother. Additionally, they will certainly get the most reliable information for analysis. Conclusion It is important for every researcher to follow the steps mentioned above to be able to succeed in their research. Also, every researcher should make sure that they are completely familiar with their research topic to enhance comfortability and research success as well as completion. References Cho, Y.S., 2013. The effect of business diversification on a firms performance, depending on its dynamic capabilities and market dynamism.Journal of Management and Strategy,4(3), p.p1. Yahya, M.Y., 2015.The development of strategic planning concept process model for small medium enterprise (SME) in the construction industry(Doctoral dissertation, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia). Martin, C.J., 2015. Seeing the Unseen: Sense making as a Deliberate Strategy for Radical Innovation. Rathjen, P., 2014. The Challenge of Organizational Complexity to Strategic Management. Tanui, J.K., 2015.Interaction between information technology Capability, environmental conditions and Competitiveness of consultancy firms in Nairobi County, Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University). Nguyen Tran, T.N., 2014. A Framework for Understanding Physician Organizations' Orientation to Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). Afza, T., Slahudin, C. and Nazir, M.S., 2008. Diversification and corporate performance: An evaluation of Pakistani firms.South Asian Journal of Management,15(3), p.7. Chakrabarti, A., Singh, K. and Mahmood, I., 2007. Diversification and performance: evidence from East Asian firms.Strategic Management Journal,28(2), pp.101-120. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Creswell, J.W., 2012.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Creswell, J.W. and Clark, V.L.P., 2007. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Williams, C., 2011. Research methods.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER),5(3).

Comparative On The Lord Essay Example For Students

Comparative On The Lord Essay Comparitive Essay on the Lord of the Rings and the HobbitA fantasy is an imaginary world where all things imaginable can be brought to life. J.R.R Tolkien portrayed fantasy through his use of skilled craftsmanship and a vivid imagination, which was presented in each piece of literature he wrote. In Tolkiens two stories The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings we see the theme of fantasy brought to life through three essential elements, heroism, magic and retribution. Heroism is shown through the characters courage and bravery in situations where conflict arises and this enables them to be seen in a new light. Magic is a form of extraordinary power seemingly through a supernatural force; it is used in a combination of combat and mystical items to aid the companions on their journey. Retribution is paid to the evil forces for the wrongs society had to endure while they were allowed to dominate. This system allows opportunity for physical and mental development in the characters and the asp ect of fantasy to come to life. During the characters quest, weather they were headed to the Lonely Mountains or to the Cracks of Doom, they always experienced a form of heroism. In the story The Hobbit, we see heroic deeds being accomplished by the main character Bilbo. This occurs when the companions do battle with giant venomous spiders in Mirkwood forest. Bilbo finds depth and strength in his nature that he was surprised was there and smote these villainous creatures all on his own, saving his friends and adding to his stature among those in the group. Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark without the help of the wizard or the Dwarves or anyone else, made a great difference to Mr. Baggins. (144) There are numerous other opportunities to experience heroism in The Hobbit, one of which is near the conclusion of the tale when the brave and noble Bard kills the sinister dragon Smaug. As a child this character encountered Smaug for the first time while fleeing the ruination of thei r city; now even though Bard was overcome with the fear that every mortal has when they are near one of these tremendous beasts, he was determined to stand his ground due to the love he had for their small town. He was able to accomplish this impossible task because a small thrush perched on his shoulder and told him of the one weak spot of the dragon, the hollow of its left breast. Bard then inflicted death upon the terrible Smaug with his last arrow and was nearly killed himself by the tremendous weight of the beast in the process, but he jumped out of the way and into the water just in the nick of time. With a shriek that deafened man, felled trees and split stone, Smaug shot spouting into the air, turned over and crashed down from high in ruin. (229)A character that displays the traits of heroism is one who overcomes the odds through the use of unique and valuable qualities; this remains just as true in The Lord of the Rings as it does in The Hobbit. One truly heroic act occurre d when Gandalf the Great, determined to defend the fellowship took on a Balrog, this huge, bat-like source of evil stood on the bridge to freedom and did battle with the poor mage. Gandalf, stricken with fear caused the bridge to collapse and with it fell the Balrog. However, with one last effort the beast threw one final lash with his whip catching Gandalf and dragged him into the abyss where they would do battle. With a terrible cry the Balrog fell forward, and its shadow plunged down and vanished. But even as it fell it swung its whip, and the thongs lashed and curled about the wizards knees, dragging him to the brink. (430) Another portrayal of heroism in The Lord of the Rings takes place when Sam, a quiet but honorable hobbit, conquered the dark and grotesque horned spider, Shelob. His master Frodo was in immense peril and in a desperate attempt to save him Sam savagely attacked her until she was forced off his dear friend. His fury knew no limits to his power and he forced the monster to go running for shelter exhausted from the encounter. And Shelob cowed at last, shrunken in defeat, jerked and quivered as she tried to hasten from him. (426) This concept provides the fundamental needs of a fantasy world and shows the growth of each character and the development of their role in the story. Shakespearean Comedies: Comparisions and Contrasts EssayAll through the characters journeys in Middle-earth we see the elements of fantasy play a major role, not only in the development of the plot but also in the growth in the characters. Acts of heroism build the structure of the book, creating suspense and intrigue, this hooks the readers to the plot forcing them to continue to read till stories end. Magic is essential to the storyline, without it the characters would be perceived as immortal, it adds flavor and a sense of danger to the novel. This extinguishes the immortal image and allows opportunity for the writers creative skill to be exposed. Every fantasy requires retribution in order to depict to the reader the moral that evil is wrong. It also allows the people of the story to be ensured that their hardships dont go unnoticed and to be content in knowing that punishment was induced upon their oppressors. Through this system the author allows the reader to fully understan d the characters, as well as the major changes both physically and mentally which allow the characters to successfully complete their task to dominate over the forces of evil.

Promote Products free essay sample

1. 1 Choose a product or service that could be promoted. Explain how and why you would promote that product or service. Identify at least three types of personnel you could use to help you plan and organise the promotion. What role would they play? How would their skills and experience help you? At work we are currently promoting our GPS products. We have chosen to promote these via direct marketing and by targeting certain business types. I liaised with our sales consultants, who talk to these people on a daily basis, to advise on what language should be used and what information they felt was most relevant to put across. We needed a graphic designer to create and develop ideas for the letters and DL flyers being sent. I also needed to involve juniors in the business to assist with folding letters and stuffing envelopes as we had determined that this would be a cheaper option for the business than using a mail house. We will write a custom essay sample on Promote Products or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Make a list of resources you would need for the promotion and identify where you could get them. Explain any actions you would need to take in order to have the resources ready for promotion. The database we purchased contained 7,000 leads so we then needed to purchase paper, envelops, ink, return stamps and organise postage. Paper, envelopes and labels for return address were all ordered in advance from Staples. Ink was also pre-ordered to ensure we didn’t run out during the print job. We then liaised with Australia Post to determine the best way to post this number of letters. We chose their â€Å"clean mail† option which meant having to mark each envelope with a pre paid stamp before taking to the post office. This stamp was purchased through Australia Post.

PTE Essay Writing Samples - How to Choose

PTE Essay Writing Samples - How to ChooseIn order to have a clearer idea of what PTE essay writing samples to use, you will need to be more specific. There are many software programs that you can use for online and offline grading.Online PTE essays are very different from the type that you'll find in a traditional class. Here, you will have an entire unit (in a way that you don't in traditional school) that you will be able to complete during the course.Based on the type of assignment that you'll be writing, the formatting of the file is going to vary. There are a lot of file formats out there, some of which may not be compatible with certain programs. Make sure that you get a file format that's going to work with your personal computer.Online PTE essays are formatted based on how the program works. You'll find that there are several versions of the software that will allow you to edit and grade your assignment.Online PTE essay writing samples are graded by a system of points and the more points you get, the higher your grade will be. This is because the software also has an 'A' next to it. The more points you get, the more points the essay will have which will move you up the 'chain'.It is possible to buy your own online essays online as well. Some of the essay sites require a minimum point system and you'll be able to work your way up to the top level with each passing grade.It may seem like an easy task to get online PTE essays written, but they can be very challenging to grade yourself. The point systems can get pretty complicated and you will want to take your timeto do it right.

smoking on the body essays

smoking on the body essays Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States. Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant, is a potent chemical that has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. Prenatal exposure to nicotine is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including altered neural structure and functioning, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems in the offspring (9). At least 20% - 30% of pregnant women are estimated to smoke cigarettes, although smoking is associated with low birth weight, prematurity and infant mortality. In the United States, smoking accounts annually for estimated fetal deaths ranging from 19,000 to 141,000, for 1,900 to 4,800 deaths during or immediately after parturition, and for 1,200 to 2,200 death from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (7). Maternal smoking has been implicated in long term deficits in infant mental development and adverse behavioral problems in children such as attention disorder. Nicotine crosses the human placenta and has direct effects on the developing fetus. Pre-clinical studies suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy produces changes on the offspring's neural functioning, including reductions in uptake of serotonin, alterations in dopaminergic systems, alterations in peripheral and central noradrenergic neurons, and changes in DNA and RNA synthesis in the brain (9). Children prenatally exposed to nicotine consistently score lower in the two subcategories of expressive language and conceptual comprehension. Evidence from studies of human neonates suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased rates of neurobehavioral difficulties. Several studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy with childhood inattention, impulsivity, and motor hyperactivity in offspring. Similarly, maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with parent-t...

Host resistance and immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Host resistance and immunity - Essay Example In case of any change in their genotypes, both bacteria are able seek food from other sources they have not been able to get their food. This allows these bacteria to keep away from the action of destructive chemicals for instance antibiotics. This can also allow them produce chemicals that shield them from attack by organisms that have the ability of destroying them (Schindler, 2006). Both M. tuberculosis and Escherichia -coli have the small second-messenger molecule called cAMP in them as well as in the macrophage. When cAMP levels are high, it interferes with host indication pathways. However, cAMP levels within Mycobacterium Tuberculosis are many at times higher as compared to Escherichia coli. The high levels of cAMP generate it’s own series of troubles, for instance, with the purpose of the key bacterial cAMP-responsive protein, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). These proteins manage the expression of a big number of bacterial genes by attaching to cAMP. This, in so doing undergoes allosteric alterations that enable it to attach to a definite DNA motif and as a result, interact with and engage the RNA polymerase-sigma factor complex, hence activate transcription initiation. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this has to happen against the conditions of extremely high cAMP levels (Qureshi, et.al, 1999). Escherichia coli play a handy role in suppressing the growth of destructive bacteria species by combining appreciable amounts of vitamins. On the other hand, Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades the human immune response by attacking host cells (New York Times, 2012). Mycobacterium tuberculosis does this by creating an intracellular environment when macrophage overwhelms a M. tuberculosis cell. It then prevents the macrophage from combining with a lysosome which contains enzymes, which then crashes foreign bodies and pathogens that attack. It does this by generating some protein which the macrophage produces and

Scope for market Eclectic Institutes herbal medicine and supplements Essay

Scope for market Eclectic Institutes herbal medicine and supplements lines - Essay Example The researcher will utilize the emerging marketing journals and newsletters to collect the relevant information for the development of a successful marketing plan. The research will also rely on global and local specialists to get an insight into the current global market situation. The organization management will play a decisive role in facilitating the researcher with a broad evaluation of the institution’s marketing situation. To generate a quality plan, the study intends to use experienced research assistants and marketing thinkers. The magnitude of study will be based on the available financial support and human resources. The central objective of the research is to develop a practical and a realistic marketing plan that can stand historical challenges (Elle 1). The research also aims at increasing the institution’s sales and profitability by over 12% in the current profit. The research also intends to offer a workable mechanism that can ensure quality training to all stakeholders on the most effective ways of executing the proposed recommendation. Elle Blake. How to prepare a scope statement for a research paper, research method journals, 23, and 12, 1-7 retrieved on 28th august 2012. From:

How the organization should select, recruit, train Essay Example for Free

How the organization should select, recruit, train Essay SUMMARY The following report consists of a guide on how the organization should select, recruit, train and make the most out of the new HR mangers. In addition, it is composed of an introductory program welcoming the graduating managers, takes into account the training needs and methods and the monitoring of employee performance to judge whether or not employees are satisfied and know the goals of the organisation. Furthermore, the career development allows for the opportunity for managers to revaluate their self-confidence, as well as career paths for an improved future for employees. Finally, we will talk about strategic management and the methods of consistency for employee development and the techniques managers need to know. By utilizing these procedures the company will facilitate the training of the new managers. INTRODUCTION In a growing number of organisations human resources are now viewed as a source of competitive advantage. Even the public sector has gradually moved from rules and regulations based HRM approach to a more values-based approach, which understandably has resulted in increased focus on accountability. There is greater recognition that distinctive competencies are obtained through highly developed employee skills, distinctive organisational cultures, management processes and systems. This is in contrast to the traditional emphasis on transferable resources such as equipment. Human Resource Management (HRM) is concerned with the acquisition, development, utilisation and accommodation of human resources by organisations. Increasingly it is being recognised that competitive advantage can be obtained with a high quality workforce that enables organisations to compete on the basis of market responsiveness, product and service quality, differentiated products and technological innovation. The new HR managerial positions aim to complete these needs and achieve high consistency of the HR practices that are vital for the organization. 1. HRM-AN IMPORTANT ASPECT Firstly, it has to be buried in mind that HRM is a very important function within the organization. An effective implementation of HR procedures means a good investment in both the employees and the managers, line and senior ones. Human Resources is a key element for the organization and through the effective implementation of the procedures that will be carried out through a certain strategy, the organization actually achieves its objectives and becomes more devoted to quality and improvement. By following these procedures the organization can gain more loyalty, dedication and flexibility, and in the same time employees, due to this commitment, can broaden their learning horizons and feel more need for improvement. HRM is the key to the future, when effective and continuously improving people will have been considered as an organizations main competitive advantage. It is the group of procedures and activities that bring the right person in the right place. The new HR managers have to be selected and trained in the best way possible. Their decisions and actions in the future will play a big role in the companys future development. 2. SELECTION- RECRUITMENT TECHNIQUES Making the new managers more HR consistent implies that the managers have the proper skills for this job and can achieve the organizations objectives. A whole new selection technique should be carried away and adjusted to the HR needs of the company. This means that the factors affecting which of the candidates will be selected and recruited, will consist of the vital HR procedures and activities The new candidates should be aware of all the skills that are required, but also should know every detail of what the job of the HR manager involves. 2.1 Job profile Through an effective job analysis the organization could avoid extra costs for re- advertising the positions, re-training costs and could reduce labor turnover. The job description should include all the skills, the abilities and the knowledge that are required for the managerial positions. It has to be made clear that the new vacancies that the company offers include clearly HR procedures and the knowledge of HRM theory and extended aspects of HRM is crucial. The new vacancies aim to give solutions to problems related to the staff of the company. This implies that the skills involved in the new vacancies include team working and development. To obtain a reliable job description, the company could ask some HR experts, which are members of the organization, to create a job analysis that will include all the above elements. The job description should include the title HRM manager and as said before, it should also include the main HR tasks. 2.2 Person specifications Labor turnover could be reduced in low levels with a clear person specification. The job advertisement should consist of demanding HRM skills and more specifically skills that are related to team working, socialization, influence over others; intellectual capacity and smart way of talking. It should also include information about the company, its environment, its culture and some compare with competitors. The vacancy should be advertised through means such as newspapers and agents, but more importantly the organization should approach universities and colleges and advertise the vacancy there. The new managers should have a high level of education and be specialized in HRM. Obtaining references for the new managers could be limited to university sources. The course plan that the graduates have followed should be parallel to the job demands. The application form is an element that should be carefully designed for the specific demands of the new HRM vacancies. It is the first step in identifying who your most suitable candidates are and what skills each one holds. It should contain fields about education qualifications, with specific reference to modules that the graduates have attended. Some questions about physical condition in comparison to some tests for drugs and health condition will be desirable. 2.3 Interview plan When the selection process has been completed and it is clear which of the candidates qualify the basic demands, the next important step is the interview. The whole process should be designed very carefully and in a way that will make it more reliable. The interview is the organizations first approach to the candidate. This interpersonal exchange of information allows not only the candidate become more familiar with the organization and its objectives, but also the organization itself with the candidate. The flow of information from both sides has as a result a precise evaluation of both parties. The steps that follow comprise the essential structure of the interview. Step 1 Get prepared for the interview. Find the right place and make sure it is comfortable and friendly, so that the interviewed will be feeling relaxed and outgoing. Distinguish who the interviewees will be and provide them with information regarding the interview plan and a description of how the process should be completed. A panel interview is suggested as the most reliable one. The interviewing team can consist of up to 10 people, but the process should be approached carefully or else the candidate may feel uncomfortably when being bombarded by questions from 10 people one after another. There may be also a clerk to take notes and an equal opportunities adviser to ensure that all procedures are followed. The interview team can be separated and complete 2 interviews per candidate, to ensure that there is absolute agreement between the interviewers. Before the interview begins all the relevant documents, especially the application form of the candidate should be read carefully and some bullet points can be made for each candidate. This way when the candidate will be interviewed the interviewee can bring in mind some skills of the first and can make additional questions. The nature of the measurement of the candidate should be agreed before the interview. This can be carried out by a points system based on how closely the candidate meets the skills that were stated in the job description. Step 2 After the preparation the interview can be opened. Opening is a very important part. It sets the tone of the interview process. Before the interviewee starts with the questions, a short introduction of the staff and the company should be made for the ice to brake and the candidate to feel more comfortable. A very important element of the interview is listening. Apart from the introduction and the questions, the candidate is doing most of the talking. The interviewees should let the candidate talk as much as possible so that they can draw a better picture of them. It is crucial that the candidates are asked for HRM skills. Moreover some key questions relating to HRM theory could be a good aspect of evaluation. An example of question would be how the candidate perceives the concept of HRM. Another one would be on how they believe that staff can be improved and leaded effectively. There are some key points that should be carefully treated during the interview. First, the interview should be structured and it has to be made clear what it is trying to elicit. The organization needs 10 new graduates for managerial positions in HR functions. This has to be buried in the mind of the interviewees and should make them evaluate the candidates according to their HR skills. The questions should be agreed before the opening of the interview and they should be prompted and followed-up through a controlled procedure. Finally, it has to be examined that all the measures of the Equal Opportunities Act have been addressed. It is crucial for the organization not to neglect the law. Equal opportunities should be given to all candidates irrelevant to ethnic group, sex or religion. The new managers can be trained only by people who respect laws and do not make discriminations. Both the Race relations Act of 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 should be taken into account. Step 3 The final stage of the interview plan involves the summation of the data and the closing of the whole process. The organization should give the opportunity to the candidate to ask some questions. This way it can be made clear if the candidate is really interested for the vacancy and in combination with the recorded data a clear and precise evaluation can be made. A lot of attention should be given in the recording of the data. The important issues discussed should be taken down into paper and some notes about the behavior of the candidate during the interview, can be complementarily made. Above it is mentioned that there will be 2 different groups of interviewees that will question the candidate. The first group will be the one to ask the candidates about their skills and questions related to the application form. The second group will test the candidate in a workplace simulation. During this procedure the candidates will have a brief group meeting, where they will be tested in a case study situation. The candidates will be assessed The organization should follow these steps in selecting the appropriate candidates. As mentioned again right people in the right place is the key function of HRM. Introduction is a crucial point in the selection and recruitment process. If this process is effective and the evaluation is 100% reliable there will be no need for staff turnovers and moreover the organization will have found the most suitable people for the new managerial positions. 3. INDUCTION PROGRAMME After the selection procedure is finished and the new managers have been selected, a series of training and development techniques should be implemented so that the organization will meet the demands of HR which are characterized by lack of consistency. The induction programme is a key aspect of the Human Resource Department. Primarily, it is the first time the new manager and the organisation come in contact after the relationship of employer and employee is established. Before the actual training program, the induction process should ease the arrival of the new manager by being supportive of their needs, well structure and last but not least co-ordinated. The aim of the induction process is to familiarise the inexperienced manager with the organisation and its surroundings. Therefore, their anxiety of entering the new organisation is dispelled as fast as possible. Likewise, this process assists in inducing the organisation culture. This principal operation is not only critical for managers working for the first time but also for employees with prior experience. In addition, after this process has been successfully completed, it will help the managers in associating them with their colleagues and superiors. All personnel want to feel acceptance by the colleagues. Additionally our induction programme will be consequential in bringing about sufficient teamwork. Consequently, a system of communication exists in the environment. In order for the company to obtain less disruption amongst its new managers and the existing employees, they should be fully and functionally integrated in the company and their own department. It also makes the manager comfortable at another level. By touring the premises, the prospecting managers are facilitated by knowing about various departments and their location. It will state to them the dos and donts of the organisation. It will show them where the canteen is and where the cloak is. It is at this stage of the welcoming process that training specialists come in hand. Their responsibility is to plan, organise, and direct a wide range of training activities. Trainers conduct orientation sessions and arrange on-the-job training for new employees. Planning and program development is an important part of the training specialists job. In order to identify and assess training needs within the firm, trainers may confer with managers and supervisors or conduct surveys. They also periodically evaluate training effectiveness. A brief outline of the companys history should be included as a supplementary guide in directing them to the set of values and mission statement of the company. They inform them about the range of products and their functions (including a demonstration) as well as a brief summary of the organisations main suppliers and target customers. By introducing the new managers to the firms handbook, they will learn about the benefits, plans concerning holidays and sickness and the companys rules, disciplinary procedures and the payment of wages. During the course of the induction programme, emphasis should be placed on both individual and group training. Each new manager should be aware of how of how to handle circumstances that require problem solving. They should be proficient in either acting alone or as part of a group. Another component of the induction programme should be that the aspiring managers are well equipped with a computer program, which the organisation will provide immediate feedback to any problems that may arise, so as to generate communication for managers both with their employees and superior managers. They should possess both simple skills (the application of spreadsheets) and complex skills (functioning of pilot simulations). In conclusion, they should also occupy the skills for electronic learning. This may involve interactive Internet-based training, multimedia programs, distance learning, satellite training, videos and other computer-aided instructional technologies, simulators, conferences, and workshops. 4. TRAINING Having successfully accomplished the induction programme the determined managers should head to the training program. Training is fundamental to the selection process in judging whether or not your managers are capable in their positions. Training and development managers as well as specialists should conduct and supervise training and development programs for all its incoming employees. Increasingly, our management should recognise that training offers a way of developing skills, enhancing productivity and quality of work, and building loyalty to the firm. Training is widely accepted as a method of improving employee morale, but this is only one of the reasons for its growing importance. Other factors include the complexity of the work environment, the rapid pace of organisational and technological change, and the growing number of jobs in fields that constantly generate new knowledge. In addition, advances in learning theory have provided insights into how adults learn, and how training can be organised most effectively for them. Each and every one of the ten managerial graduates should appreciate the fact that training helps rank-and-file workers, by discovering which individual is most specialised for each job and division. Furthermore, training simplifies this process by placing all trainees in every single job to analyse which individual is most suited for each job. What is more, it maintains and improves their job skills (they may set up individualised training plans to strengthen an employees existing skills or even teach new ones) and possibly prepares them for jobs requiring greater skills. Training methods include on-the-job training (such as the program for the current training method). Schools, in which shop, conditions are duplicated for trainees prior to putting them on the shop floor, hence providing for them enhanced situations. Taking that into consideration, the managers will also recognise that superior quality, swift productivity and the minimisation of labour costs due to the fact that the specialised person for any job will produce output at a faster rate and therefore more will have been produced at a lower cost. Some companies have set up leadership or executive development programs among employees in lower level positions. These programs are designed to develop potential and current executives to replace those retiring. Trainers also lead programs to assist employees with transitions due to mergers and acquisitions, as well as technological changes. Managers should be taught how to be more open-minded and should be social and friendlier towards their employees. So that in turn, the employees will feel closer towards the company and especially their managers. This way, employees will be able to express their problems in a clear manner to their managers. In addition, managers should offer their help and advice to employees so that they will equally feel more satisfied and more importantly feel equal to their managers and all other staff. By helping one another the employees will feel as though they play a fundamental role in achieving the companys objectives. Moreover, they will feel more content and thus more focused on performing their best. Therefore, maximum output by each employee will be achieved. The training process that should be carried out for your new managers is that upon selecting them they should be placed in a room to watch a specified videotape presenting them with the Human Resource basics. Moving along, they should attend lectures and take an active part in seminars. Both of these steps will need an inspired speaker in order to keep them concentrated and focused on their roles. An improved technique in communicating with the managers in these lectures and seminars are visual aids such as videotapes and slides. However, for the process to be complete and moreover essential, the company should encourage their inexperienced managers to ask questions so that they can fully comprehend the information represented to them and feel adjusted in the company. Then they should be taken inside the corporation and to put their recently acquired to practice by observing real working procedures and more significantly take part in talking to the employees themselves and sharing the wealth of experience and knowledge they have. On a final note, they can also help them with obstacles they may have in their duties. From this whole experience, they will learn that the aspects of Human Resource Management are to work effectively as a team and to treat employees fairly. A recommended form of training is role-play where individuals act out a role with others in the group. This process is especially beneficial to the instruction of the managers as they can recognise most of what they have done. More relevantly, it will be highly practical in the course of the training. Another aspect of role-playing is that managers may further develop their inter-personal skills and will associate more with their colleagues and feel more open towards each other. 5. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Performance Management is a systematic and data-oriented approach to managing people at work that relies on positive reinforcement as the major way to maximise performance. Performance management is necessary for the success of any type of corporation due to the fact that it takes into account the talent, knowledge and skills of its managers-and then helps them improve their qualities. It is intended for anyone who manages the performance of others. Whether you are a first-time work leader or an experienced supervisor, manager, program director or department chair, performance management will provide your company with useful information with respect to the managers conditions. For performance managers, this changing environment offers many new challenges and opportunities. Performance managers and their employees are increasingly being asked to become generalists who step outside of traditional narrowly defined job descriptions in support of team objectives and goals. These changes are resulting in the development of new approaches to human resource management. The performance management process provides an opportunity for the employee and performance manager to discuss development goals and jointly create a plan for achieving those goals. There are a couple of steps that managers must learn to keep staff orientated and what is more, to stay thriving, be profitable and have linkages to customer engagement. In the first place, you must identify the employees individual strengths. You must position that individual to perform a role that capitalises on these strengths. When we refer to strengths we are referring to a persons ability to provide consistent, near-perfect performance in a given activity. We believe that, when selecting employees, companies have spent far too much time and money focusing on the skills and knowledge of employees and not nearly enough on their talents, which are the basis of strength and success. You must find a way to engage these talented employees. Again, there are many ways to do this for instance by paying them more, provide more generous benefits, but these are low-character solutions. The only way to engage talented employees successfully is to select and develop remarkable managers. Grand managers can select the best people, set accurate expectations for them, motivate them, and develop them. Companies that are unable to create this kind of environment will loose not only in terms unsatisfied employees but equally, sales and their customer base. They will loose more talented people than they keep. They will miscast, over-promote, undervalue, and otherwise misuse those talented employees who do stay. Lacking talented people in the right roles, these companies will have to revert to less robust routes to performance. Pressed by high character competition, these routes will serve these companies poorly. In the end, lacking great managers to keep it on the right path, these companies will loose. So, in order to avoid becoming one of these companies the organisation must rely on managerial excellence in finding talent and the human resource department in selecting the right managers for this part. Apart from those benefits, it also allows for discussion about job performance (the new managers should conduct an annual performance evaluation) with the employee and provides feedback on strengths and improvements needed. Development plans should contribute to organisational goals and the professional growth of the employee. The performance management process begins with analysis and description of the job. The performance manager identifies essential functions in the job description and the strategic mission and goals of the department or organisational unit. Standards of minimum acceptable performance are developed for the position with the employee. Additionally, standards for performance, which exceeds expectations, may be set to encourage the employee to strive for even better results. Performance should be evaluated based on changes over a period of time. The new organisational theory emphasises a focus on decision-making and accountability at the level where the work is done, the graduates should be qualified in making sound decisions and be liable for their own actions. Similarly, the organisation should develop a service culture that rewards team performance, and the integration of its operations should exist so that communication between departments is accelerated. A proposed performance management system helps in monitoring and documenting employee performance and provides opportunities to develop or enhance employee performance. We would like to state that in order to adhere to the firms mission statement and its objectives, the new managers should be instructed upon the use of disciple amongst employees. Managers should be aware of the fact that appraisals should be objective, quantitative and outcome-oriented assessments, which will, in sequence, assist the employee to develop and provide mentoring, coaching, and constructive feedback. Most managers like to think that if they are effective, they will not have to discipline employees. Unfortunately, the need to do so does crop up. The primary reason for knowing how to discipline employees is to enable the manager to quickly stop undesirable employee behaviour and guide employee work patterns back within acceptable norms. Discipline is also important for several secondary reasons. One secondary reason for disciplining is that discipline problems do not correct themselves. When discipline problems are ignored they tend to get worse rather than better. Another secondary reason for terminating behaviour problems is that they invariably lead to other problems which are potentially more dangerous to the manager. These other problems include morale problems, performance problems, control problems, and even other discipline problems. On the other hand, an effective manager who solves discipline problems starts a different cycle. The benefits to the manager are in the form of good morale, performance and control, and thus recognition from higher levels for a job well done. This manager will get the next available promotion. In closing, an annual or periodic HRM audit check will allow a firm to proactively identify and correct employment-related problems before they reach a critical stage of paralyzing the firms business operations. 6. CAREER DEVELOPMENT When people lose sight of their career goals, they often lose confidence in their own ability and commitment to their manager. In turn, the newly acquired graduates should be competent in dealing with their employees and knowing how to evolve their career prospects and how to comfort them and reassure them that they can actualise their careers according to their individual talents and dreams. It is due to these principles that career development is another mandatory aspect of our departments to teach the new managers. There have been a number of significant changes in the field of management development over the last decade. Organisational structures have become flatter and management development needs have consequently changed. Career development is currently focused on being highly responsive to the changing needs of the organisation, as well as those of the individual. Similarly, the needs of managers in small businesses will be different to those in more mature, hierarchical organisations. The arriving managers should keep in mind that there is less emphasis on formal, structured training programmes and a shift towards more informal and flexible development options. There is now a much greater emphasis on self-development and continuous learning. The professional managers should take advantage of the fact that international assignments are becoming more and more typical parts of a managerial career owing to the ever-increasing pace of globalisation in the world today. As an outcome, cross-cultural leadership competencies are required within international companies, meaning that managers must have concise communication with their employees and be distinguished in preparing reports for their superiors. The culture of an organisation can be positive and supportive, or threatening and destructive. Our career development culture should help address the momentous issues of productivity, competitiveness, affirmative action, and succession planning. It will additionally support people in redefining their talents and realising the full potential of their jobs. Managers should play a key role in creating a career development culture. Managers seldom do performance appraisals properly because they are afraid of their workers and the workers are virtually paranoid about the slightest negative note on their files. In order for our company to have the cutting edge, our new managers must be honest with the employees. A better way is to organise a system of mentor ship, in which, managers ease any tensions that may exist between the employees and the employer. A managed career development culture can pay great rewards to an organisation and the people working in it. Employee development is important to the success of the individual as well as to the company as a whole. Through our performance-feedback process, employees are able to create an Individual Development Plan to help them focus their efforts on areas that need the most development so they can improve and enhance their performance. The plan includes goal statements describing what skill, knowledge or experience will be developed, the rationale for why its important to develop these areas and a list of activities that will be done to achieve these goals. Managers should moreover create an Employee Handbook, describing to them their position and value to the corporation. This will be a living document that will be updated and added to as needed and as you grow your company. Coach the new graduates in dealing with performance issues or work habit problems and in parallel demonstrating the ability to conduct employee counselling. Last but not least, it should assist in complying with requirements for governmental reporting. An Employee Handbook will be a living document that will be updated and added to as needed and as you grow your company. While completing and implementing a Career Development Plan can never guarantee success or promotion, increased skills and expertise will improve marketability, both inside and outside of the corporation. The performance feedback process provides the structure and resources for assessing current skills, understanding the companys skill needs, establishing individual goals, and developing an action plan to meet goals and improve abilities. A postal survey of managers in career service organisations showed that, while technical infrastructures for knowledge management are present, managers do not fully recognise the capabilities of the infrastructures that they have. This may be due to poor career development managers. Knowledge management infrastructures are examined in the context of prevailing organisational cultures. In conclusion, one can say that career managements central focus is on guiding its new managers to performing more clearly when they have to aid their employees on problems such as: Where is my career going? What are my contributions to the company? It is increasingly about the need to face and manage change successfully. About securing the future well being of the business and recognising that this may require fundamental change. Management development is also, then, the key to organisational renewal and certainly, it has been used as a lever for change in sectors such as finance, telecommunications and healthcare. 7. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTS FUNCTIONS As we are in the dawn of the 21st Century, our campus requires a dramatically different approach to the personnel function, to support the strategic plans implementation, and to help our employees effectively manage the consequences of unprecedented change. As a result, the transition from past practices to new ones will require a very different vision for the personnel function. The Human Resources function must serve as an active, strategic partner in the University community by providing services and a competitive compensation/benefits program to help attract, retain, and motivate a highly-talented, committed, and diverse workforce. The HR staff must exhibit sensitivity, judgement, and appropriate flexibility, as well as promote fair and equitable treatment of all employees. Furthermore, amongst other functions of human resource management should incorporate promoting a campus culture that respects and values all employees. Additional functions include: * Communicating honestly and clearly with the campus and its employees. * Focus on people, eliminating bureaucratic red-tape going on for decades now. * Utilising the full potential of the human resources to the firms advantage. * Maximise resources by utilising technology to its fullest extent to improve efficiency, effectiveness, transaction processing and overall service. * Offer competitive, market-based compensation and a comprehensive benefits package to our employees. * Recognise and reward performance and accomplishments utilising the Performance Review and Development (PRD) process. * Promote a learning environment with professional development, training, mentoring, and continuing education. * Embrace and promote the principles of continuous quality improvement (CQI). * Collaborate across cross-functional lines (compensation, employment, benefits, and employee relations training). 8. STRATEGIC HRM CONSISTENCY IN HRM PRACTICES Strategic human resource management has been defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organisational culture that foster innovation and flexibility . Strategic Human Resources means accepting the human resource function as a strategic partner in the formulation of the companys strategies as well as in the implementation of those strategies through human resource activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. Whereas strategic human resource recognises human resources partnership role in the strategizing process, the term HR Strategies refers to specific human resource courses of action the company plans to pursue to achieve its aims. By design the perspective demands that human resource managers become strategic partners in business operations playing prospective roles rather than being passive administrators reacting to the requirements of other business functions. Strategic human resource managers need a change in their perspective from seeing themselves as relationship managers to resource managers knowing how to utilise the full potential of their human resources. It has to be taken into account that the lack of consistency in human resource practices and procedures which has resulted in complaints, is due to, the inadequacy of a current, well-written employee handbook. Therefore, employees are unclear about substantial policies and practices. Employees question their decision to join your firm, they are unsure of basic company information (organisation, history, culture, etc) and they are unclear of their role within the organisation. What we must do in order to ensure that they execute a continuous flow of HRM procedures is realise that they require more supervisory and human resource time to answer questions and concerns. Other methods could insist on the correct conducting of effective and consistent performance appraisals are by the application of standardised performance appraisal forms. A form ensures consistency and completeness of the appraisal. The purpose of a performance appraisal is not merely to comment on past behaviour. Rather, it should be designed and conducted to influence or change on future performance and behaviour and to guarantee that the incoming managers, on a continuous level, regulate the degree of consistency in HRM practices. 9. CONCLUSION The above manual comprises a strategic approach to the organizations HR functions. The suggested steps that are outlined in this report aim to make the organization familiar with how an effective and consistent HR department can work. An effective implementation of the suggested strategy could help the organizations meet its key objectives easier. The new HR managers are expected to bring improvement and quality culture to the organization. The new culture will establish new standards and more commitment from all the members of the company. Learning is a vital factor and its procedures should never stop being updated. The future of the organization depends on the development of its members. Therefore the selection of capable and skilful employees is vital and should never be neglected. REFERNCE/BIBLIOGRAPHY * Armstrong, M and Baron, A (1998). Performance Management- the new realities. * John Stredwick, (2000). Human Resource Management, Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd. * Foot, M. and Hook, C. (1999). Introducing Human Resource Management. Longman. * Munro-Fraser, J. (1954). A handbook of employment Interviewing. Mcdonald and Evans. * Taylor, S. (1998). Employee Resourcing. * Mullen, J. (1997). Starring Roles. People Management 29 May, pp.28-30 * Holbech, L. (1998) Motivating People in Learn Organizations Butterworth-Heinemann INTERNET SITES * http://www.smartbiz.com/sbs/cats/perf.htm * http://www.amtekhr.com/services.html * http://www.otis.com/hr/subcatg/1,2244,CLI1_HRC4_RES1_SCM33,00.html * http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos021.htm * http://humanresources.about.com/